As seen in Figures 1 and 2 (below), the eye is a complex structure with exquisite structures to harvest, control, focus, and react to light to produce vision. The cornea and flexible, clear lens work to focus light on the retina and create a clear picture.
Light travels through the cornea and lens, and the liquid humors to the inner retinal layer where it passes through a nerve layer called the ganglions and Henle fiber layer to the photoreceptors and to a lesser extent the Retinal Pigmented Epithelium (RPE).
With time, the aging eye accumulates more photooxidative damage from its interaction with light. These events lead to two prevalent eye diseases: cataracts and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).